GEOLOGY SYLLABUS |
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1. PREAMBLE The geological knowledge required by APEGGA for registration as a Professional Geologist (P. Geol.) closely matches the minimum qualifications recommended by the Canadian Council of Professional Geoscientists in either Geology or Environmental Geoscience. Information about the CCPG recommendations is provided at the CCPG's website (www.ccpg.ca). Minimum Required Knowledge Examinations offered by APEGGA do not cover all possible knowledge subjects that qualify. The Syllabus of Geology Examinations is a selection that allow applicants to demonstrate knowledge requirements to the satisfaction of the Board of Examiners. The fundamental unit of knowledge in the outline below is the educational unit (EU). One educational unit in a subject is defined as formal instruction equivalent to a one-term (one semester) course in an honors B.Sc. degree program at a Canadian university. For example, one EU could consist of approximately 3 hours of lecture or equivalent per week, with or without a lab, for thirteen weeks. An EU can be considered as the equivalent of one 3-credit hour course in a 120 credit-hour, 4-year degree program. SECTION
I: FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE A. SPECIFIED
SCIENCE
AND
A. FIELD
PRACTICE OR FIELD TECHNIQUES*
B. FUNDAMENTAL
SUBJECTS
C. ADDITIONAL
SUBJECTS Fourteen additional EUs are required which can be all in geoscience, with not fewer than twelve EUs in geoscience and not more than two EUs in science other than geoscience. *Definition of Geoscience: the constituent associations of the CCPG regulate the practice of professional geoscience as defined in the applicable Acts. They do not regulate activity in fields such as Earth system science, atmospheric science, meteorology, or oceanography. Those areas presently fall outside the scope of regulated professional geoscience in Canadian jurisdictions. However, for the purpose of credit in section C, up to two EUs in these or other sciences can be credited as science other than geoscience.
A. FIELD
PRACTICE OR FIELD TECHNIQUES*
B. FUNDAMENTAL
SUBJECTS
C. ADDITIONAL
SUBJECTS Fourteen additional EUs are required which can be all in geoscience, with not fewer than twelve EUs in geoscience and not more than two EUs in science other than geoscience.
An example
of an Examiner check sheet for the assessment of an applicant's academic
qualifications is given in the attached Appendix.
2. APEGGA SYLLABUS OF EXAMINATIONSA. EXAMINATIONS
IN FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE
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2000-GFund-1a
Elementary Calculus I I: Review of analytical geometry. Differentiation and integration of simple functions. Applications. II: Differentiation and integration of trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Indeterminate forms and improper integrals. Applications. Prime
Text Supplementary
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2000-GFund-2a
General Physics I I: Vectors, forces in equilibrium, linear and rotational motion, dynamics of particles, oscillations. II: Fluids, kinetic theory, heat and thermodynamics, electric charge, electric field, electric potential, electric currents, DC circuits. Prime
Text or |
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I: Basic chemical concepts. Stoichiometry. Gas laws. Periodic table and the chemistry of selected elements. Atomic and molecular structure. Chemical bonding. Structures of organic compounds. States of matter and phase changes. Properties of solutions. II: Acid/base concepts. Chemical kinetics and equilibrium. Acid-base and solubility equilibria. Elementary thermodynamics. Oxidation and reduction, electrochemistry. Prime
Text Chemistry. McMurry, John and Fay, Robert C. (2nd edition). Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1997. or |
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2000-GFund-4 Differential Equations and Transform Methods Linear ordinary differential equations; the Laplace transformation; series solutions of differential equations; boundary value problems and orthogonal functions; Fourier series; Fourier integrals. Prime
Text Supplementary
Text Mathematics of Physics and Modern Engineering. Sokolnikoff, I.S. and Redheffer, R.M. (2nd edition) McGraw-Hill, 1966. ISBN 0070596255 |
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Linear transformations; matrices and matrix operations; determinants; simultaneous linear algebraic equations; eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Vector algebra; vector functions and operators; orthogonal curvilinear multiple coordinates; applications of partial derivatives, multiple integrals, line and surface integrals; integral theorems. Prime
Text Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Swokowski, E.W. (4th edition) Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, 1988. ISBN 0871500078
Vector Analysis. Spiegel, M.R. McGraw-Hill. Schaum Outline Series, 01/59. ISBN 007060228X Linear Algebra. Lipschutz, S. McGraw-Hill. Schaum Outline Series, 1988. ISBN 0070990123 |
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Candidates must develop familiarity with a high level programming language (one of Fortran, Pascal, or C) and develop facility in writing computer programs. Organization of stored program computers; principles of structured programming (input/output, assignment, selection and repetition, modular design using functions and procedures/subroutines, data structures including arrays and text files; design and testing of algorithms; introduction to numerical methods) curve fitting, numerical integration, root finding. Prime
Text Fortran with Engineering Applications (5th edition). Koffman, E.B. and Friedman, F.L., Addison-Wesley, 1993. Chapters 1-8 and 12 cover examination material. ISBN 0201558750 Turbo Pascal (4th edition). Savitch, W.J., Benjamin/Cummings, 1993. Chapters 1-10 and 12 cover examination material. ISBN 0805304185 Practical C Programming (2nd edition). Oualline, S. O'Reilly & Associates, 1993. Chapters 1-9, 12, 13 and 15 cover examination material. ISBN 0156592035X Regardless of his or her choice of programming language, the candidate should use the following text as a reference on numerical methods: Numerical Mathematics and Computing (3rd edition). Cheney W. and Kincaid, D., Brooks/Cole, 1994. Chapters 1-5 cover examination material. ISBN 0534201121 |
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Thermodynamic states of simple systems; the laws of thermodynamics; equilibrium, PVT and other thermodynamic diagrams; energy of state; compressibility charts and steam tables; calculation of property changes; enthalpy; applications of thermodynamics, cycles, reversibility; thermodynamics of phase changes, the Gibbs phase rule; gas-vapor mixtures, psychometrics. Prime
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2000-GFund-8 Biology The subject matter covers the four principal areas of biology, i.e., (1) unity, (2) diversity, (3) continuity and (4) interaction. Unity encompasses the historical events leading to major biological concepts, the chemistry of cells, cell structure and hereditary mechanisms. Diversity deals with the variety of cell types, organ systems and organisms from developmental and evolutionary points of view. Continuity covers the mechanisms of heredity as they relate to evolution. Darwinian evolution and the evolution of man are emphasized. Interaction places the emphasis on the ecosystem and the interaction of organisms with their environment. Prime
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2000-GFund-9 Physical Chemistry Fundamental concepts of matter in relation to energy. The laws of classical thermodynamics and their application to the properties of gases, liquids, solids and solution. Transport phenomena. The basic laws of chemical kinetics, and their application to reactions in gaseous and liquid phases. Catalysis. Prime
Text Supplementary
Text Physical Chemistry. Alberty, R.A. and Sibley, R.J. (8th edition) Wiley, 1992. ISBN 0471621811 Physical Chemistry. Mortimer, R.G. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc., 1993. Hardcover ISBN 0805345604, paperback ISBN 0805346503 |
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2000-GFund-10 Organic Chemistry A study of compounds of carbon with emphasis on reaction mechanisms to illustrate the basic principles of organic chemistry. Structure and bonding, physical properties, and stereochemistry; addition, elimination, and displacement reactions by function group classification; structure-reactivity relationships; aromaticity and aromatic substitution; condensation reactions; spectroscopic methods for structure determination. Prime
Text Alternate
Text Organic Chemistry. Loudon, (2nd edition) Addison Wesley, 1988. Advanced
Organic Chemistry. Carey, (3rd edition) Plenum, 1990. Paper, |
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2000-GFund-11 Inorganic Chemistry The structure of many-election atoms, bonding and stereochemistry in inorganic compounds, elementary crystallography, solid-state science and aspects of inorganic solution chemistry. The chemistry of metals and ligand field theory; coordination compounds, metal carbonyls and organo-metallic compounds of the transition elements; descriptive chemistry of the first-row transition elements; industrial extraction of metals; uses of transition metal complexes as catalysts; an introduction to the role of metals in biology. Prime
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2000-GFund-12 Statistics Random variables and frequency distributions. Averages and variance. The binomial and normal distribution. Sampling distributions and elementary inference. X2-test for contingency tables. Regression and correlation. Analysis of variance. Prime
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2000-Glgy-1 Mineralogy & Crystallography Morphological crystallography, crystal systems, crystal symmetry including planes, rotation and inversion axes, crystal classes, Miller indices, axial ratios and stereographic projection. Theoretical principles of mineralogy. Determinative and descriptive mineralogy. Prime
Text Introduction
to Optical Mineralogy. Nesse, W.O. (2nd edition) Oxford University
Press, 1991. Supplementary
Text Principles of Mineralogy. Blackburn, W.H. and Dennen, W.H. (2nd edition) Brown Publishing, Dubuque, IA, 1994. ISBN 069715078X |
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2000-Glgy-2 Principles of Stratigraphy and Sedimentation Sedimentary processes, environments and facies; properties and classification of sedimentary rocks; code of stratigraphic nomenclature and the stratigraphic column; stratigraphic relationship and interpretations. Prime
Text Supplementary
Text Stratigraphy and Sedimentation. Krumbein, W.C. and Sloss, L.L. (2nd edition) W.H. Freeman & Co., 1963. ISBN 0716702193 Facies Models. Walker, R.G. (editor) (3rd edition) Geoscience Canada Reprint Series 1, Geological Association of Canada, 1992. ISBN 0919216498 |
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2000-Glgy-3 Igneous Petrology Mineralogical and chemical classification of igneous rocks. Physics and chemistry of igneous rock formation. Prime
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2000-Glgy-4 Sedimentary Petrology Processes of clastic and chemical sedimentation, and diagenesis; sedimentary environments and facies; laboratory techniques in the study of sedimentary rocks. Prime
Text Supplementary
Text
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2000-Glgy-5 Metamorphic Petrology Mineralogy and textures of metamorphic rocks. Concepts of metamorphic facies and facies series, and their pressure-temperature-composition interpretation. Prime
Text
Supplementary
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2000-Glgy-6 Structural Geology Orientation, measurement, representation and geometric analysis of planar and linear geologic structures. Description and geometric analysis of faults and folds; relation of faults to stress. Geologic maps, subsurface maps, structure contour maps and cross sections. Descriptive geometry, stereographic and equal area projections. Mechanical principles; stress, strain and deformation in rocks. Analysis of joints, secondary foliations and lineations. Prime
Text Supplementary
Text Principles of Structural Geology. Suppe, J. Prentice Hall, 1985. ISBN 0137105002 Foundations
of Structural Geology. Park, R.G. (2nd edition) Blackie Press, 1989.
ISBN 0412019418 |
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2000-Glgy-7 Geochemistry Chemical processes taking place in geologic settings with emphasis on the abundance relationships of the elements in the Earth's crust and the laws governing the migration and distribution of elements of the Earth; the application of geochemistry in the search for mineral deposits. Prime
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2000-Glgy-8 Geophysics Elasticity of rocks; types of waves generated in earthquakes and explosions; structure of the earth; gravity and the figure of the earth, earth tides; the magnetic field; secular variations; electromagnetic induction; rock magnetism; heat flow; geochronology; geodynamics. Prime
Text Supplementary
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2000-Glgy-9 Geomorphology Landforms and the processes which create and modify them; weathering, mass-wasting, stream erosion, wave erosion, wind erosion, glaciation and permafrost; study of landforms on aerial photographs and topographic maps. Prime
Text Process Geomorphology: Third Edition. Ritter, Dale, Kochel, F.R. Craig, and Miller, J. R., Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa, 1995. (546 pp). Alternative
Text Supplementary
Text Landforms
of Alberta: Interpreted from air photos and satellite imagery. Smith,
D.G. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, 1990. ISBN 0919975100 |
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2000-Glgy-10 Glacial and Quaternary Geology Elements of glaciology; character and origin of glacial deposits and landforms; geological processes, sediments and landforms in the periglacial environment; frozen and ground phenomena, including permafrost; glacio-isostatic rebound and eustatic changes in sea level; glacial history of Western Canada. Prime
Text Glaciers and Glaciation. Benn, B.I. and Evans, D.J.A. Arnold London, 1998. Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland. Fulton, R.J. (editor) Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, No. 1 (also Geological Society of America. The Geology of North America, v. K-1) 1990. (839 pp.) ISBN 0660131145 |
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2000-Glgy-11 Hydrogeology The occurrence of groundwater; rock properties that affect groundwater, quality of groundwater; geology of groundwater basins; procedures for surface and subsurface investigations. Hydrology of groundwater flow, derivation of Darcy's law from fundamental concepts of fluid mechanics, and its generalization to spatially varied flows. Permeability parameters and validity of Darcy's law in terms of Reynold's number. Prime
Text Supplementary
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C. EXAMINATIONS
IN ADDITIONAL GEOSCIENCE SUBJECTS
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2000-Glgy-12 Paleontology Principles of classification; comparison of fossils with modern forms; classification and study of fossil invertebrates. Prime
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Text Supplementary
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2000-Glgy-13 Petroleum and Natural Gas Origin and distribution of petroleum. Geochemistry and maturation of organic matter; microbiological and thermal degradation of hydrocarbons, conventional and unconventional source and reservoir rocks; principles of primary and secondary migration; diagenesis of carbonate and clastic reservoir rocks, with reference to seals and traps. Prime
Text Petroleum
Geochemistry and Geology. Hunt, J.M. (2nd edition) W.H. Greeman &
Co., N.Y., 1995. |
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The economics of exploration and exploitation with respect to metalliferous raw materials. Exploration logistics and planning. Property and prospect evaluation. Drilling and sampling techniques. Reserve and grade estimation. Prime
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2000-Glgy-15 Metallic Mineral Deposits Processes of ore formation and concentration in association with all the major geological processes. Stratigraphic and structural control of ore deposits. Examples of the occurrence of the economically important types of deposits in Canada and the world. Study of ores in polished and thin section. The application of chemical principles to the understanding of ore deposits; solution chemistry, phase equilibria, isotope geochemistry. Exploration for, and evaluation of metallic mineral deposits. Prime
Text Ore Microscopy and Ore Petrography. Craig, J.R. and Vaughan, D.J. (2nd edition) John Wiley and Sons, 1994. ISBN 0471551759 Supplementary
Text Exploration
and Mining Geology. Peters, W.G. (2nd edition) Wiley Press, 1987.
Porphyry
Deposits of the Canadian Cordillera. CIM Special Vol. 15 |
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2000-Glgy-16 Stratigraphy of Western North America Historical geology of Western North America from the Precambrian to the Recent. Prime
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2000-Glgy-17 Geotectonics and Global Geology Global aspects of plate tectonics and regional geology through time. Application of fundamental stratigraphic and structural principles. Contributions of geophysics, geochemistry, experimental and theoretical petrology to the modern plate tectonic model. Analysis and interpretation of major structural provinces as they relate to the plate boundary interactions.
Supplementary
Text Plate
Tectonics and Geomagnetic Reversals. Cox, A. Freeman, 1973. |
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Principles and applications of the following geophysical techniques: seismic reflection, seismic refraction, gravity, magnetic, electric and electromagnetic, radioactive, well logging. *can include mining geophysics Prime
Text Applied Geophysics. Telford W.M., Geldart, L.P. and Sheriff, R.E. Cambridge University Press, 1990. Hardcover ISBN 0521326931, paperback ISBN 0521339383 Alternative
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Optical crystallography with indicatrix theory. Optical techniques in determinative mineralogy with emphasis on transmitted-light microscopy and its application to common rock-forming minerals. Mineral associations, textures and elementary ideas on the origin of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Prime
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2000-Glgy-20 Advanced Sedimentology Processes of sedimentation: weathering, transportation, deposition and diagenesis; classification and description of the principal types of detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks. Prime
Text Recognition
of Fluvial Deposition Systems & Their Resource Potential. Flores,
R.M. and others (editors) Society of Economic Paleontologists & Mineralogists,
Short Notes No. 19, 1985. Supplementary
Text Facies
Models. Walker, R.C. (Editor) (3rd edition) Geoscience Canada Reprint
Series 1, 1992. |
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2000-Glgy-21 Advanced Igneous and/or Metamorphic Petrology Origin and formation of igneous and/or metamorphic rocks in the light of field, mineralogical, chemical and experimental evidence. Prime
Text Principles
of Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology. Philpotts, A.R. Prentice-Hall,
1990. Supplementary
Texts Modern
Methods of Igneous Petrology: Understanding Magnetic Processes. Nicholls,
J. and Russell, J.K. Mineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy,
Vol. 24, 1991. (chapter 1) Origins of Igneous Rocks. Hess, P.C. Harvard University Press, 1989. ISBN 0674644816 Metamorphic
phase equilibria and pressure-temperature-time paths of metamorphism.
Spear, F.S., 1993, Mineralogical Society of America Monograph, 789
p. |
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2000-Glgy-22 Advanced Geochemistry Application of physical chemistry to problems in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary geology. Use of thermodynamic calculations to estimate physical and chemical conditions of mineral stability. Prime
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Geotechnical investigation, site surveys and exploration, geological aspects of a given site with regard to the engineering design of foundations, hydraulic structures and the stability of natural or man-made slopes and open cuts. Provision of advice on fluvial geomorphology. Mapping and comment on the geologic factors affecting tunneling. The emphasis is the application of geologic expertise by the provision of geologic information in the form of maps and reports concerning design and construction of engineering projects. Prime
Text Supplementary
Text Principles of Engineering Geology and Geotechnics. Krynine, D.P. and Judd, W.R. McGraw-Hill, 1975. |
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Nomenclature and taxonomy, the species concept, mechanisms of evolution, adaptation, biometrics, paleoecology and preparatory techniques. Prime
Text Taphonomy: Releasing the Data locked in the Fossil Record. Editors: Peter Allison & Derrick Briggs, Plenum Pub., 1991. ISBN 0306438763 Paleoecology, Concepts and Applications. Dodd, J.R. (2nd edition) Wiley Interscience, John Wiley, New York, 1990. ISBN 0471857114 |
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2000-Glgy-25 Advanced Structural Geology Structural features of complexly folded and faulted strata. Simple statistical analysis of structural data. Analysis of strains. Computer-based procedures for determining the geometry of faults and folds. Structural analysis in plutonic and metamorphic rocks. Prime
Texts The Techniques
of Modern Structural Geology (Vols 1 and 2) Ramsay, T.J. and Huber
M.I. Academic Press, 1983 and 1987. Vol 1 - 1983, Hardcover ISBN 0125769016,
Paperback ISBN 0125769210. Vol 2 - 1987, Paperback ISBN 0125769229 |
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2000-Glgy-26 Geostatistics Analysis of quantitative geological data using digital computers, simple and multivariate statistical models (multiple regression, factor analysis and discriminant functions). Application of these methods to real and hypothetical geological situations. Prime
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2000-Glgy-27 Advanced Hydrogeology Chemical and contaminant hydrogeology. Chemical and biological processes in surface water and groundwater systems. Water quality, contaminant transport and dispersal, fluid-sediment interaction, remediation of contamination. Use of thermo chemical models, numerical modelling of contaminant migration, case studies. Prime
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2000-Glgy-28 Reservoir Geology Core analysis; methods for porosity, permeability and fluid saturation, and the conditions under which each method can be used. Log interpretation; use of logs for correlation and mapping, as well as for the determination of reservoir parameters - porosity, permeability, pore water. Drill stem tests, the reading of DST charts, significance and interpretation of pressure curves. Reservoir rocks and reservoir pore space characteristics; factors influencing porosity and permeability. Measurement methods. Reservoir fluids, reservoir conditions and reservoir mechanics. Prime
Text Petroleum Development Geology. Dickey, P.A. (3rd edition) PPC Books, Division of the Petroleum Publishing Co., 1421 South Sheridan Road, P.O. Box 1260, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74101, U.S.A., 1986. (428 pp) ISBN 0878143076 Supplementary
Texts Petroleum Production Handbook, Vol. II Reservoir Engineering. Frick, T.C. and Taylor, R.W. Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, second printing, 1962. ISBN 0895202077.
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2000-Glgy-29 Advanced Ore Deposits A detailed study of ore occurrences and processes of formation with emphasis on Canadian deposits. Prime
Text Supplementary
Text Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Barnes, H.L. (editor) (2nd edition) John Wiley and Sons. Porphyry
Deposits of the Canadian Cordillera. CIM Special Vol. 15. Metal
Deposits in Relation to Plate Tectonics. Sawkins, F.J. (2nd edition)
Springer Verlag, New York, 1989. ISBN 0387509208 |
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2000-Glgy-30 Photogeology and Remote Sensing Application of aerial photographs to geological mapping and terrain analysis; interpretation of geological structure and landforms; remote sensing in geology; sensor principles and capabilities; analysis of imagery. Prime
Text Air photo Interpretation and the Canadian Landscape. Mollard, J.D. and Janes, J.R. Energy, Mines, and Resources Canada, 1984. (415 pp). Supplementary
Text Remote Sensing in Geology. Siegal, B.S. and Gillespie, A.R. Wiley, 1980. (702 pp). Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. Sabins, Jr., F.F. (2nd edition) Freeman, 1986. ISBN 071671793X (426 pp). A Guide
to Remote Sensing. Davry, S.A. Oxford. (199 pp), 1990. ISBN 0-19-854494-4. |
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2000-Glgy-31 Precambrian Geology The Precambrian geologic record with special reference to the stratigraphy, structure, petrology, mineral deposits, geochronology and metamorphism of the Shield areas of North America. Prime
Text Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution. Condie, K.C. (3rd edition) Pergamon Press, 1989. Hardcover ISBN 0080348734, Paperback ISBN 0080348734
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APPENDIX: Examiner check sheet APEGGA
Geology Academic Assessment: Course-by-Course Equivalent Credits
FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE (Total 9)
Other advanced university courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, statistics, computing or biology can fulfil requirements of three subjects. Maximum two biology credits in the total of 9 fundamental sciences.
SECTION A: FIELD
PRACTICE SECTION B: FUNDAMENTAL GEOSCIENCE
SECTION C: OTHER
GEOSCIENCE 1______________________________ ____ 8____________________________ ____
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